Teprotumumab is a monoclonal antibody medication that targets the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). It is used in the treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED), which is an autoimmune condition that can cause inflammation and swelling in the tissues around the eyes. In TED, the production of certain antibodies leads to inflammation and cell proliferation within the orbital tissues, including the muscles and fat behind the eyes.
Teprotumumab works by binding to and blocking the IGF-1R, which is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of TED. By inhibiting the IGF-1R, teprotumumab helps to reduce inflammation, prevent tissue growth, and improve symptoms associated with TED, such as eye pain, swelling, and double vision.
Teprotumumab is administered as an intravenous infusion over a course of several months under the supervision of healthcare professionals. It has shown promising results in clinical trials for the treatment of TED and has been approved by regulatory agencies for this indication. As with any medication, teprotumumab may have side effects, and it is important to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before starting treatment.